نویسندگان
1 .دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران جنوب, تهران، ایران
2 دانشکده مهندسی صنایع, دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
In today’s world, return policies and product quality play a significant role in customers’ decision-making when choosing a product. On the other hand, suppliers always seek to maximize their profit; therefore, they must consider appropriate pricing strategies for their products. This paper examines cooperation and competition in a closed-loop supply chain. The supply chain consists of two suppliers who compete with each other to sell their new product through a common retailer. To analyze the conditions, mathematical models are developed for three different scenarios: (1) a competitive system, (2) a cooperative system through the channel, and (3) a fully cooperative system. In each scenario, the optimal wholesale price, the optimal product quality, and the optimal refund price are mathematically modeled and obtained by solving the models. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the approach, and a sensitivity analysis is conducted to examine the impact of different parameters on the optimal values.
کلیدواژهها English
